Lexical Change
Many of the simple words and phrases have AngloSaxon roots; time, day, thing, world, dark, evil, town, work, head and back (just to name a few).

Colloquial neologism (of recent years); carbicide (nound - eating too many carbs), cyber hijack (noun - tech takeover), digital detox (noun - tech strike).....etc

Examples of Techniques
Coinage - widget, spoof, hobbit
Borrowing - bungalow (Hindi), saga (Icelandic), futon (Japanese), landscape (Dutch)
Compounding - long, winded, handheld, ladybird
Clipping - pram, phone, deli, bus, gym, flu
Blending - moped, newscast, brunch, spork
Acronym - NATO, AIDs
Intialism - CD, OMG, MP3
Affixation - disinterest, regift, marketeer
Conversion - text, like, google, network
Eponym - pasteurisation, galvanise, hoover
Back Formation - laise (liason), locate (location), insert (insertion), edit (editor)

Inkhorn Controversy
Writers in the Renaissance began to expand vocabulary, it was seen by many as being corrupt.
Inkhorn terms - foreign borrowing to English considered unnecessary or overly prestigious (ouvert prestige).

e.g Latin - bishop, sophisticated, imaginary
Scandinavian - anger, sky, skill
French - guard, inherit, administer
Spanish - cafeteria, cargo, breeze
Portugese - banana, albino, molasses

Correcting English
Jonathan Swift in 1719 published 'A Proposal for Correcting, Improving and Ascertaining the English Tongue' in which he outlined the ways in which to regulate the English language.
Key Concerns;
Vagueness - poverty of conversation
Shortened Words
Unnecessary Contractions
Unnecessary Polysyllabic Words
Fashional Colloquialisms (unknown etamology)

His ideas didn't go too far but in 1755 Dr Johnson's dictionary was published and set a president for the English language and its rules.

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